These steps describe how to perform a switchover to a physical standby database.

1. Verify that the target standby database is ready for switchover.

   The new switchover statement has a VERIFY option that results in checks being performed of many conditions required for switchover. Some of the items checked are: whether Redo Apply is running on the switchover target; whether the release version of the switchover target is 12.1 or later; whether the switchover target is synchronized; and whether it has MRP running.

   Suppose the primary database has a DB_UNIQUE_NAME of BOSTON and the switchover target standby database has a DB_UNIQUE_NAME of CHICAGO. On the primary database BOSTON, issue the following SQL statement to verify that the switchover target, CHICAGO, is ready for switchover:

   SQL> ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO CHICAGO VERIFY;
   ERROR at line 1:
   ORA-16470: Redo Apply is not running on switchover target
   

   If this operation had been successful, a Database Altered message would have been returned but in this example an ORA-16470 error was returned. This error means that the switchover target CHICAGO is not ready for switchover. Redo Apply must be started before the switchover operation.

   After Redo Apply is started, issue the following statement again:

   SQL> ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO CHICAGO VERIFY;
   ERROR at line 1:
   ORA-16475: succeeded with warnings, check alert log for more details
   

   The switchover target, CHICAGO, is ready for switchover. However, the warnings indicated by the ORA-16475 error may affect switchover performance. The alert log contains messages similar to the following:

   SWITCHOVER VERIFY WARNING: switchover target has dirty online redo logfiles that require clearing. It takes time to clear online redo logfiles. This may slow down switchover process.
   

   You can fix the problems or if switchover performance is not important, those warnings can be ignored. After making any fixes you determine are necessary, issue the following SQL statement again:

   SQL> ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO CHICAGO VERIFY;
   Database altered.
   

   The switchover target, CHICAGO, is now ready for switchover.

2. Initiate the switchover on the primary database, BOSTON, by issuing the following SQL statement:

   SQL> ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO CHICAGO;
   Database altered.
   

   If this statement completes without any errors, proceed to Step 3.

   If an error occurs, mount the old primary database (BOSTON) and the old standby database (CHICAGO). On both databases, query DATABASE_ROLE from V$DATABASE. There are three possible combinations of database roles for BOSTON and CHICAGO. The following table describes these combinations and provides the likely cause and a high level remedial action for each situation. For details on specific error situations, see “Troubleshooting Oracle Data Guard” in Oracle Data Guard Concepts and Administration.

   Value of DATABASE_ROLE column in V$DATABASE	Cause and Remedial Action
   BOSTON database is primary, CHICAGO database is standby	Cause: The BOSTON database failed to convert to a standby database role. Action: See the alert log for details on the error that prevented BOSTON from switching to a standby role, take the necessary actions to fix the error, reopen one of the nodes of BOSTON if necessary, and repeat the switchover process from Step 1.
   BOSTON database is standby, CHICAGO database is standby	Cause: The CHICAGO database failed to convert to a primary database role. Action: Issue the following SQL statement to convert either BOSTON or CHICAGO to a primary database: SQL> ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO target_db_name FORCE; For example: On the CHICAGO database, issue the following SQL statement to convert it to a primary database: ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO CHICAGO FORCE; On the BOSTON database, issue the following SQL statement to convert it to a primary database: ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO BOSTON FORCE; If the SQL statement fails with an ORA-16473 error, then you must start Redo Apply before reissuing the command. Restart Redo Apply as follows: SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT; Reissue the switchover command as follows: SQL> ALTER DATABASE SWTICHOVER TO BOSTON FORCE; Database altered.
   BOSTON database is standby, CHICAGO database is primary	Cause: The BOSTON and CHICAGO databases have successfully switched to their new roles, but there was an error communicating the final success status back to BOSTON. Action: Continue to Step 3 to finish the switchover operation.

3. Issue the following SQL statement on the new primary database, CHICAGO, to open it.

   SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
   

4. Issue the following SQL statement to mount the new physical standby database, BOSTON:

   SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;
   

   Or, if BOSTON is an Oracle Active Data Guard physical standby database, then issue the following SQL statement to open it read only:

   SQL> STARTUP;
   

5. Start Redo Apply on the new physical standby database. For example:

   SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;